MENA 121 - Islamic World to 1800 (4 Credit Hours)

A survey of the history of the Islamic World from the rise of Islam to the 1800's. Beginning with the revelation of Islam and the emergence of the first Islamic Empire in the seventh century A.D., the course will examine the formation and development of Islamic Societies through a study of religion, political theory and practice, social structure, art, literature and the sciences.

Crosslisting: HIST 121.

MENA 122 - The Making of the Modern Middle East (4 Credit Hours)

This course will cover the major political, cultural, and social features of the modern Middle East, from the eighteenth century to the end of the twentieth century. Among the transformations this course will examine are the rise of colonialism/imperialism and nationalism, as well as other major political and religious ideologies. Covering a geographic area that stretches from North Africa to Iran, this course will highlight case studies emphasizing the diversity of political, social, and economic life across the region.

Crosslisting: HIST 122.

MENA 225 - Mapping Piracy and Captivity in the Ottoman Mediterranean (4 Credit Hours)

This course will examine the early modern (16th to 18th century) Ottoman Mediterranean world as one historical landscape with a focus on the issues of identity, conversion, and captivity in the context of sea-based piracy, slavery, and migration. We will ask: What part did loyalty, economic incentives, religious conviction, and coercion play in the decisions that communities, captives, sailors, and commanders made in the pursuit of their interests? By taking a wider view of these historical phenomena and studying them as forms of economic, cultural, and violent exchange, we will have the opportunity to look at the Mediterranean world as a place of both interaction and conflict. This class will have a digital humanities component. As a result, one of the central focuses of this class is using visualizations of historical information as an analytical tool to gain insights about the past and communicate those insights in clear and innovative ways.

Crosslisting: DH 221 and HIST 221.

MENA 284 - Orientalisms (4 Credit Hours)

This course examines the enduring legacies of Orientalism in modern and contemporary art, culture, and discourse. Through visits to collections, museums, and sites, students will practice articulating a nuanced approach to cultures impacted by orientalist outlooks. Class content highlights cultural and intellectual production that responds to European Orientalizing discourse: from photographs and films by Shirin Neshat, to the feminist discourse inspired by Malek Alloula’s The Colonial Harem, to the Metropolitan Museum of Art’s 2025 exhibition Monstrous Beauty: A Feminist Revision of Chinoiserie. As such, class activities will seek to decenter how Western representations of the “East”—including the Middle East, North Africa, South Asia, and East Asia—have shaped artistic production, visual culture, and museum practices from the 19th century to the present.

Crosslisting: AHVC 284.

MENA 321 - Women in the History of the Modern Middle East (4 Credit Hours)

This course will look at the role women have played in the Middle East since the nineteenth century. We will start the course by examining the interpretative methods and sources that historians use to explore this history. Then, after an introduction to the study of women and gender in the Middle East, we turn to several of the major factors that have impacted the role of women in Middle Eastern societies: the Islamic tradition, the colonial period, the rise of nation-states, and various strands of feminism. Our examples will draw from several of the principle countries and regions in and around the Middle East including Iran, Turkey, Egypt, the Levant, and North Africa. As we proceed, students will develop their own research question, bibliography, and ultimately, research paper.

Crosslisting: HIST 321.

MENA 324 - Al-Andalus and Its Diasporas: From the Middle Ages to the Present (4 Credit Hours)

Islamic Spain was a place where ancient and new communities encountered and transformed each other. Known in the Middle Ages as al-Andalus, it continues to occupy the cultural and political imaginations of Spain and the Arab world. This class explores al-Andalus through what defines it in scholarly and popular discourse: its religious communities and the cultural contact and synthesis characterizing them. By placing medieval Spain or “Iberia” into its Mediterranean context, the class traces the development of Jewish, Christian, and Muslim communities from their beginnings in the eastern Mediterranean and their settlement in Iberia up to the diasporas in the Mediterranean region today. Rather than essentializing religion, we place it in dialogue with language and culture, tradition and innovation. As a writing-intensive seminar, students will engage the cultural and historical themes of the class through writing in daily discussion posts, in-class reflections, midterm essays, and a phased research project on a theme chosen by the student. The course is closed to first-year students. Conducted in Spanish.

Prerequisite(s): SPAN 215 or consent of the instructor.

Crosslisting: SPAN 324.

MENA 328 - Community and Meaning in Jewish Iberia (4 Credit Hours)

This course explores the development of Jewish thought in medieval Iberia through the reading and discussion of primary Jewish and non-Jewish texts framed within the context of the historical, social, and cultural developments of Judaism broadly and Iberian Jewish communities specifically. We will reflect on how Jewish intellectuals formed and negotiated community and meaning through religious, philosophical, and liturgical works (prayer and poetry). The course is organized into two units reflecting the cultural and socio-political situation of Iberia: (1) 9th-12th centuries and (2) 13th-15th centuries. The final days of the course connect the Middle Ages to the present and also serve as an opportunity to workshop final projects. Throughout our course, we seek to understand the formation of Sephardic Judaism and its impact all the way up to today. Conducted in Spanish.

Prerequisite(s): SPAN 215 or consent of the instructor.

Crosslisting: SPAN 328.

MENA 329 - Community and Meaning in Jewish Iberia (4 Credit Hours)

This course explores the development of Jewish thought in medieval Iberia through the reading and discussion of primary Jewish and non-Jewish texts framed within the context of the historical, social, and cultural developments of Judaism broadly and Iberian Jewish communities specifically. We will reflect on how Jewish intellectuals formed and negotiated community and meaning through religious, philosophical, and liturgical works (prayer and poetry). The course is organized into two units reflecting the cultural and socio-political situation of Iberia: (1) 9th-12th centuries and (2) 13th-15th centuries. The final days of the course connect the Middle Ages to the present and also serve as an opportunity to workshop final projects. Throughout our course, we seek to understand the formation of Sephardic Judaism and its impact all the way up to today. Conducted in English.

Prerequisite(s): No FYS.

Crosslisting: SPAN 329.

MENA 340 - Hispanic Transatlantic Studies: From Human Rights to Genocide. The Encounter with America and (4 Credit Hours)

Students will engage in an in-depth study of selected topics in the frame of the Atlantic World, which addresses the relations between the cultures of Peninsular Spain and Latin America from a transatlantic perspective. Students will question Western systems of thought, will interrogate structures of power and will develop new connections to the realities of the Hispanic World. Students will summarize, compare and contrast, synthesize and evaluate cultural themes, actors and events. Students will hone their research skills and will demonstrate them through oral presentations, in-depth discussions, creative work, research papers, poster sessions, webspaces, and wikis that meet the ACTFL intermediate-high/advanced-low level standards. Conducted in Spanish.

Prerequisite(s): SPAN 215.

MENA 361 - Directed Study (1-4 Credit Hours)

A student in good standing may work intensively in areas of special interest under the Directed Study plan. A Directed Study is appropriate when, under the guidance of a faculty member, a student wants to explore a subject more fully than is possible in a regular course or to study a subject not covered in the regular curriculum. A Directed Study should not normally duplicate a course that is regularly offered. Directed Studies are normally taken for 3 or 4 credits. A one-semester Directed Study is limited to a maximum of 4 credit hours. Note: Directed Studies may not be used to fulfill General Education requirements.

MENA 362 - Directed Study (1-4 Credit Hours)

A student in good standing may work intensively in areas of special interest under the Directed Study plan. A Directed Study is appropriate when, under the guidance of a faculty member, a student wants to explore a subject more fully than is possible in a regular course or to study a subject not covered in the regular curriculum. A Directed Study should not normally duplicate a course that is regularly offered. Directed Studies are normally taken for 3 or 4 credits. A one-semester Directed Study is limited to a maximum of 4 credit hours. Note: Directed Studies may not be used to fulfill General Education requirements.

MENA 363 - Independent Study (1-4 Credit Hours)

Independent Study engages a student in the pursuit of clearly defined goals. In this effort, a student may employ skills and information developed in previous course experiences or may develop some mastery of new knowledge or skills. A proposal for an Independent Study project must be approved in advance by the faculty member who agrees to serve as the project advisor. Note: Independent Studies may not be used to fulfill General Education requirements.

MENA 364 - Independent Study (1-4 Credit Hours)

Independent Study engages a student in the pursuit of clearly defined goals. In this effort, a student may employ skills and information developed in previous course experiences or may develop some mastery of new knowledge or skills. A proposal for an Independent Study project must be approved in advance by the faculty member who agrees to serve as the project advisor. Note: Independent Studies may not be used to fulfill General Education requirements.

MENA 415 - Political Economy of the Middle East (4 Credit Hours)

A study of the general features of the economic development experience of the Middle East and North Africa. We will study the structural transformation of these economies and the dynamics of their colonial and post-colonial structures. This course examines the different stages of economic development starting with the early post-colonial period, followed by the period of import substitution industrialization of the 1960s, export-led growth of the 1970s, the debt crisis of the 1980s, the structural adjustment programs of the 1990s, and the Arab uprisings of 2011. We will examine the political economy of the region as it relates to unemployment, poverty, inequality, migration, food insecurity, water stress, climate change, class conflict, gender dynamics, cultural norms, as well as regional and global geopolitical power struggles over the control of key markets such as oil and natural gas.

Prerequisite(s): ECON 301.

Crosslisting: ECON 415 and INTL 251.

MENA 451 - Senior Research (4 Credit Hours)

Students may enroll in Senior Research in their final year at Denison. Normally, Senior Research requires a major thesis, report, or project in the student's field of concentration and carries eight semester-hours of credit for the year. Typically, a final grade for a year-long Senior Research will not be assigned until the completion of the year-long Senior Research at the end of the second semester. Each semester of Senior Research is limited to a maximum of 4 credit hours. Note: Senior Research may not be used to fulfill General Education requirements.

MENA 452 - Senior Research (4 Credit Hours)

Students may enroll in Senior Research in their final year at Denison. Normally, Senior Research requires a major thesis, report, or project in the student's field of concentration and carries eight semester-hours of credit for the year. Typically, a final grade for a year-long Senior Research will not be assigned until the completion of the year-long Senior Research at the end of the second semester. Each semester of Senior Research is limited to a maximum of 4 credit hours. Note: Senior Research may not be used to fulfill General Education requirements.